ICSE Notes: English - Grammar - Direct and Indirect Speeches

Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speeches

Tense of Reporting Verb	Direct	Indirect
Present Tense (say)	1. Say + Is 2. Say + was 3. Say + will be	No change 1. Say + Is 2. Say +was 3. Say + will be
Present Perfect Tense (has/have said)	1. Has said + Is 2. Has said + was 3. Has said + will be	No change 1. Has said + Is 2. Has said + was 3. Has said + will be
Future Tense (will say)	Will say + needs (for e.g.)	No change Will say + needs (for e.g.)
Past Tense (said)	Simple Present Said + is	Change Simple Past Said +was
	Present continuous Said + is + verb +ing For e.g. · Said + is swimming	Change Past continuous Said + was + verb +ing For e.g. · Said + was swimming
	Present Perfect Said + have/has + verb + ed For e.g. · Said + have swam · Said + has booked	Change Past Perfect Said + had + verb + ed For e.g. · Said + had swum · Said + had booked
	Past Tense Verb + ed For e.g. · Arrived · Swam	Change Past Perfect Tense Had + verb + ed For e.g. · Had arrived · Had swum
	Future Tense Will + verb For e.g. · Will read	Change Future Tense Would + verb For e.g. · would read

ICSE Notes