Class VI : Maths (Geometry) Quadrilateral



QUADRILATERAL



Quadrilateral
A quadrilateral is a closed figure.
The most important property of quadrilateral is
The sum of the interior angles of a quadrilateral is 360⁰.
A + B + C + D = 360⁰.


Types of Quadrilateral
Convex Quadrilateral
If each angle of quadrilateral is less than 180⁰, then it is called a convex quadrilateral
Concave Quadrilateral
If at least one angle of quadrilateral is more than 180⁰, then it is called a concave quadrilateral

Types of Quadrilateral

1
Trapezium :  A trapezium is a quadrilateral in which one pair of opposite sides are parallel whereas the other pair of opposite sides are non-parallel

·         A + B + C + D = 360⁰.
·         AB and DC are parallel
·         AD and BC are not  parallel
·         A and D are co-interior angles.
·        B and C are co-interior angles.
·        A + D = 180
·        B + C = 180


2
Isosceles Trapezium: If the non parallel sides of trapezium are equal then it is called Isosceles Trapezium.
·         A = B  and C =D
·         A + D = 180⁰ and B + C = 180
·         A + C = 180⁰ and B + D = 180
·         Diagonal AC = diagonal BD



3
Parallelogram: A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which both the pairs of opposite sides are parallel.
·         Opposite sides are equal.  AB = DC and AD = BC
·         Opposite angles are equal A = C  and B =D
·         Adjacent angles are supplementary  i.e. 
o   A + B = 180
o   B + C = 180
o   C + D = 180
o   D + A = 180

·         Diagonals bisect each other. If diagonals AC and BD intersect each other at point O then       OA=OC = ½ (AC) and OB=OD = ½(BD)


4
Rectangle: A rectangle is a quadrilateral in which every angle is 90⁰ ( a right-angle)
·         A = B = C = D = 90
·         Opposite sides are equal.  AB = DC and AD = BC
·         Opposite sides are parallel
·         AB || DC and AD ||BC
·         Diagonals are equal, AC = BD
·         Diagonals bisect each other. If diagonals AC and BD intersect each other at point O then       OA=OC = ½ (AC) and OB=OD = ½(BD) 


5
Rhombus :
·         A quadrilateral with all the sides equal is called a rhombus. AB=BC=CD=DA
·         A quadrilateral is a rhombus, if its diagonals bisect each other at 90⁰
·         A parallelogram with any pair of adjacent sides equal is a rhombus.
·         In a rhombus, diagonals bisect the angles at vertex


6
Square :  A square is a quadrilateral in which
·         All the sides are equal  AB=BC=BC=DC
·         Each angle is 90⁰  A = B = C = D = 90
·         Diagonals are equal and bisect each other at 90

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